diff --git a/raytracer/Cargo.lock b/raytracer/Cargo.lock
index 7379194..bb02073 100644
--- a/raytracer/Cargo.lock
+++ b/raytracer/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,21 +2,6 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
-[[package]]
-name = "approx"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f2a05fd1bd10b2527e20a2cd32d8873d115b8b39fe219ee25f42a8aca6ba278"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bit_field"
 version = "0.10.3"
@@ -35,16 +20,6 @@ version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2fd1289c04a9ea8cb22300a459a72a385d7c73d3259e2ed7dcb2af674838cfa9"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "cgmath"
-version = "0.18.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a98d30140e3296250832bbaaff83b27dcd6fa3cc70fb6f1f3e5c9c0023b5317"
-dependencies = [
- "approx",
- "num-traits",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
 version = "0.2.176"
@@ -57,15 +32,6 @@ version = "0.4.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "34080505efa8e45a4b816c349525ebe327ceaa8559756f0356cba97ef3bf7432"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "num-traits"
-version = "0.2.19"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "071dfc062690e90b734c0b2273ce72ad0ffa95f0c74596bc250dcfd960262841"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.101"
@@ -108,7 +74,6 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "raytracer"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "cgmath",
  "libc",
  "log",
  "uefi",
diff --git a/raytracer/Cargo.toml b/raytracer/Cargo.toml
index 2ffdce9..b900071 100644
--- a/raytracer/Cargo.toml
+++ b/raytracer/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
-cgmath = "0.18.0"
 libc = "0.2.176"
 log = "0.4.28"
 uefi = { version = "0.35.0", features = ["logger", "panic_handler"] }
diff --git a/raytracer/src/buffer.rs b/raytracer/src/buffer.rs
index e8a3db2..d5a2960 100644
--- a/raytracer/src/buffer.rs
+++ b/raytracer/src/buffer.rs
@@ -22,10 +22,15 @@ impl Buffer {
     }
 
     /// Get a single pixel.
-    pub fn pixel(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&mut BltPixel> {
+    pub fn get_pixel(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&mut BltPixel> {
         self.pixels.get_mut(y * self.width + x)
     }
 
+    /// Set a single pixel.
+    pub fn set_pixel(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, pixel: BltPixel) {
+        self.pixels[y * self.width + x] = pixel;
+    }
+
     /// Blit the buffer to the framebuffer.
     pub fn blit(&self, gop: &mut GraphicsOutput) -> Result<(), Error> {
         gop.blt(BltOp::BufferToVideo {
diff --git a/raytracer/src/main.rs b/raytracer/src/main.rs
index 23af95f..c0bf055 100644
--- a/raytracer/src/main.rs
+++ b/raytracer/src/main.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@
 #![no_std]
 
 mod buffer;
+mod math;
 mod ray;
 mod renderer;
+mod spheretracer;
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use crate::buffer::Buffer;
+use crate::renderer::render;
 use uefi::allocator::Allocator;
 use uefi::boot::ScopedProtocol;
 use uefi::prelude::*;
@@ -32,7 +35,8 @@ fn init_buffer(gop: &GraphicsOutput) -> Buffer {
 fn main() -> Status {
     uefi::helpers::init().unwrap();
     let mut gop = init_gop().unwrap();
-    let buffer = init_buffer(&gop);
+    let mut buffer = init_buffer(&gop);
+    render(&mut buffer);
     buffer.blit(&mut gop).unwrap();
     Status::SUCCESS
 }
diff --git a/raytracer/src/math.rs b/raytracer/src/math.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b05b39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/raytracer/src/math.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+pub struct Matrix4<T> {
+    x: T,
+}
+pub struct Vector3<T> {
+    x: T,
+}
+
+pub struct Vector4<T> {
+    x: T,
+    y: T,
+    z: T,
+    w: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> Vector4<T> {
+    pub fn new(x: T, y: T, z: T, w: T) -> Vector4<T> {
+        Vector4 {
+            x: x,
+            y: y,
+            z: z,
+            w: w,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/raytracer/src/ray.rs b/raytracer/src/ray.rs
index 85b3178..9e33d32 100644
--- a/raytracer/src/ray.rs
+++ b/raytracer/src/ray.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
+use crate::math::{Matrix4, Vector3, Vector4};
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use cgmath::{Matrix4, Vector3, Vector4, num_traits::Num};
 
 pub struct Ray<T> {
     pub(crate) origin: Vector3<T>,
     pub(crate) direction: Vector3<T>,
 }
 
-pub fn construct_primary_rays(
+pub fn construct_primary_rays_for_pixel(
     (width, height): (usize, usize),
     (pixel_x_coord, pixel_y_coord): (usize, usize),
     cam_to_world_matrix: &Matrix4<f32>,
     focal_length: f32,
     rays_per_pixel: usize,
-) -> Vec<Ray> {
-    let mut rays: Vec<Ray> = Vec::with_capacity(rays_per_pixel);
+) -> Vec<Ray<f32>> {
+    let mut rays: Vec<Ray<f32>> = Vec::with_capacity(rays_per_pixel);
 
     //generate all rays for this pixel and add them to the rays vector
     for _ in 0..rays_per_pixel {
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ pub fn construct_primary_rays(
             pixel_x_coord,
             pixel_y_coord,
             //no noise
-            0.0f,
-            0.0f,
+            0.0f32,
+            0.0f32,
         ));
     }
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn generate_single_primary_ray(
     v: usize,
     u_offset: f32,
     v_offset: f32,
-) -> Ray {
+) -> Ray<f32> {
     //calculate the ray direction and translate it to world space
     let direction_camera_space: Vector4<f32> = Vector4::new(
         u as f32 - (buffer_width as f32 / 2.0) + u_offset,
diff --git a/raytracer/src/renderer.rs b/raytracer/src/renderer.rs
index 5fa22f7..0d2b110 100644
--- a/raytracer/src/renderer.rs
+++ b/raytracer/src/renderer.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
+use core::cmp::{max, min};
+
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use cgmath::{Matrix4, Vector4, Zero};
+use uefi::proto::console::gop::BltPixel;
 
 use crate::{
     buffer::Buffer,
-    ray::{Ray, construct_primary_rays},
+    ray::{Ray, construct_primary_rays_for_pixel},
+    spheretracer::{Radiosity, sdf, spheretrace},
 };
 
-pub fn render(buffer: Buffer) {
+pub fn render(buffer: &mut Buffer) {
     let camera_matrix: Matrix4<f32> = Matrix4 {
         x: Vector4::unit_x(),
         y: Vector4::unit_y(),
@@ -16,16 +20,53 @@ pub fn render(buffer: Buffer) {
 
     let focal_length = 1.0f;
 
+    let mut radiosiy_buffer: Vec<Radiosity> = Vec::with_capacity(buffer.width * buffer.height);
+
     //this reeeeally wants to run in parallel…
     (0..buffer.width).for_each(|x| {
         (0..buffer.height).for_each(|y| {
-            let rays: Vec<Ray<f32>> = construct_primary_rays(
+            //construct rays for each pixel
+            let rays: Vec<Ray<f32>> = construct_primary_rays_for_pixel(
                 (buffer.width, buffer.height),
                 (x, y),
                 camera_matrix,
                 focal_length,
                 1,
             );
+
+            //spheretrace the ray and add the determined radiosity to the buffer
+            radiosiy_buffer.push(
+                rays.iter()
+                    .for_each(|ray| spheretrace(ray, 100.00f, 0.01, sdf)),
+            );
+        });
+    });
+
+    //remap radiosities to colors
+    radiosiy_buffer = normalize_radiosity(&mut radiosiy_buffer)
+
+    //copy vector over to buffer
+    (0..buffer.width)
+    .for_each(|x| {
+        (0..buffer.height).for_each(|y| {
+            let rad = radiosiy_buffer[y * buffer.width + x];
+            buffer.set_pixel(x, y, BltPixel::new(rad, rad, rad));
         });
     });
 }
+
+fn normalize_radiosity(radiosities: &mut Vec<Radiosity>) -> Vec<Radiosity> {
+    //find the minimum and maximum radiosities in he buffer
+    let (min_rad, max_rad) =
+        radiosities
+            .iter()
+            .zip(radiosities)
+            .reduce(|(acc_min, acc_max), (curr_min, curr_max)| {
+                acc_min = min(acc_min, curr_min);
+                acc_max = max(acc_max, curr_max);
+            });
+    //remap radiosities to [0,255] for framebuffer
+    radiosities
+        .iter_mut()
+        .for_each(|r| r = (r - min_rad) / (max_rad - min_rad) * 255.0)
+}
diff --git a/raytracer/src/spheretracer.rs b/raytracer/src/spheretracer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a52d4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/raytracer/src/spheretracer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use cgmath::{Vector3, num_traits::abs};
+
+use crate::ray::Ray;
+
+pub type Radiosity = f32;
+
+///
+/// Spheretraces a ray in a certain signed distance function up to a maximum ray length
+/// and with respect to a certain floating point error epsilon
+///
+pub fn spheretrace<P>(
+    ray: Ray<P>,
+    max_ray_length: P,
+    epsilon: P,
+    signed_distance_function: Fn(Vector3<P>) -> (P, Vector3<P>),
+) -> Radiosity {
+    //accumulate the length this ray has already travelled
+    let mut distance_travelled: P = 0.0;
+
+    //accumulate radiosity
+    let mut accumulated_radiosity: P = 0.f;
+
+    //if we still have some distance left to walk
+    while abs(distance_travelled - max_ray_length) < epsilon {
+        //walk a bit
+        let current_point = ray.origin + distance_travelled * ray.direction;
+        let (distance, normal) = signed_distance_function(current_point);
+
+        //we have a collision
+        if abs(distance) < epsilon || distance < 0.f {
+            //TODO: we wanna pathtrace recursively here
+            accumulated_radiosity += 1.f;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    accumulated_radiosity
+}
+
+///
+/// A signed distance function that for each sample point
+/// returns the Euclidean distance to the next geometric intersection
+/// as well as a normal direction (gradient vector). Distance is negative
+/// iff point is inside geometry.
+///
+/// P is the precision
+///
+pub fn sdf<P>(sample_point: Vector3<P>) -> (P, Vector3<P>) {
+    (1.0, Vector3::unit_x())
+}